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Modern Native American Literatures

Syllabus for English 375

Fall 2004

M, W 1-2:15 pm, 354 French Hall

 

Professor: Alicia Kent, PhD

Phone: 762-3285

Email: aakent@umflint.edu

Office: 354 French Hall

Office hours:     M & W 11:30-12:30

and gladly by appointment

 

“We are what we imagine. Our very existence consists in our imagination of ourselves. Our best destiny is to imagine, at least, completely, who and what, and that we are. The greatest tragedy that can befall us is to go unimagined.”

            --N. Scott Momaday, “The Man Made of Words”

 

Course Description:

There are plenty of texts about Native Americans, including “great American novels” such as James Fennimore Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans, “as-told-to” personal narratives and ethnographies, and a plethora of films, but it has only been recently that writing by Native Americans has become more widely recognized and examined.  With the publication of N. Scott Momaday’s Pulitzer Prize winning novel, House Made of Dawn, in 1968, literature by First Nations authors has enjoyed a literary “renaissance,” as Kenneth Lincoln termed it, with a notable increase in the writing and publication of literature by Native Americans.  But publication of such writings began as early as 1774, and the first novel by a Native American writer was published in 1854.  This course traces the roots of this literary renaissance from some of the earliest writings by Native Americans to the recent mainstream interest in writings by indigenous peoples of North America, from the first published Native American autobiography in English to the recent mainstream popularity of novelist Louise Erdrich and the adaptation of Sherman Alexie’s fiction to film.

Focusing on what Native American literary critic Paula Gunn Allen calls “modern genre” literatures, we will look at several different kinds of writing published in the modern era, including the novel, short story, poetry, autobiographical writing, and film.  While we will not be examining oral and traditional literatures in depth, we will recognize their roles in creating the diverse literary traditions of First Nations people.  With over 300 cultural traditions, we cannot cover all of the tribal groups in North America; rather, we will read a sample of texts by writers of many different nations and seek to gain a broader understanding of the diverse histories and written traditions of First Nations peoples.  As a pan-tribal survey of Native American literary expression, an underlying project of this course will be the effort to understand the socio-historical contexts that influenced these writers and their cultures.  As a corollary, we will ask ourselves some important underlying questions:  Who defines who is an Indian author?  Who and how is “literature” defined?  How is a Native American literary tradition defined?


Required Course Texts

All required books will also be available on reserve at the UM-Flint Thompson Library for 3-hour checkout.

 

Required

1.      Mourning Dove, Cogewea (1927): (novel)

University of Nebraska Press; ISBN: 0803281102

2.      D’Arcy McNickle, The Surrounded (1937): novel

University of New Mexico Press; ISBN: 0826304699

3.      Leslie Marmon Silko, Ceremony (1977): mixed genre novel

Penguin USA; ISBN: 0140086838

4.      Linda Hogan, Mean Spirit (1990): historical novel

Ivy Books; ISBN: 0804108633

5.      N. Scott Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain (1969): mixed genre autobiography

University of New Mexico Press; ISBN: 0826304362

6.      Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues (1995): novel

Warner Books; ISBN: 0446672351

 

Recommended

1.      Vine Deloria, Custer Died For Your Sins: An Indian Manifesto

University of Oklahoma Press; ISBN: 0806121297

2.      A. Lavonne Brown Ruoff, American Indian Literatures: An Introduction, Bibliographic Review, and Selected Bibliography

Modern Language Association of America; ISBN: 0873521927

3.      Indian Country Today (newspaper by and about Native Americans), available at www.indiancountry.com.

 

Supplemental Course Readings

Available on-line at ERes, UM-Flint’s Electronic Reserve

http://reserves.lib.umflint.edu/                password: 1234

You must have a UM-Flint username and password to access this website.

 

Course Requirements

You must complete all of these requirements to receive a passing grade in this course.  If you do not complete one of these requirements (such as failure to hand in a paper or failure to meet the attendance requirements), you cannot pass the course.  For your own protection, you should keep a copy of everything you turn in to me.  There is NO final exam for this class.

Ø      Attendance.  Your attendance is required.  If you accumulate more than three absences, your participation grade will be lowered one-half grade (5 points) for every subsequent absence.  If you accumulate eight absences, you will fail the course (except in cases where you and I make alternative arrangements because of extenuating circumstances).  I do not make distinctions between excused or unexcused absences—all absences count.  Please let me know during the first two weeks of classes if you must miss a class for religious observance, important scheduled events that conflict with class, or other unavoidable reasons for missing class.  If you miss class, please come talk to me or e-mail me about the material you’ve missed.  Out of respect for your classmates, please come to class on time.  If tardiness to class (more than 10 minutes) becomes a persistent problem, I will count lateness as absences.

Ø      2 Essays. These 5-7 page essays, based on one or two of the course texts, will focus on a topic of your choosing.  I will hand out some ideas for topics and more detailed guidelines during the course of the semester, but you are encouraged to choose a topic of your own creation.  These are NOT research papers and should focus on analysis of the literature we are reading.  You may use ideas from your response papers to develop into a longer literary analysis essay.

Alternative Paper Assignment:  For the second paper, if you would like to design an alternative assignment of your own that more closely fits your field of study, you are welcome to do so.  Please see me early in the semester to discuss this possibility.  For example, if you are an education major, you might consider designing a classroom unit on one of the course texts or on Native American literatures more generally.  Or you might consider designing your own Native American Literature course.  In the past, students have also designed a service learning project and carried it out during the semester.  Others have done paintings/drawings representing course themes and readings.  I’m open to a variety of possibilities, so just come talk with me about your ideas and we can figure something out.

Ø      Response Papers. There is no midterm or final exam in this course.  Instead, you will periodically write response papers throughout the semester on the assigned readings.  These 1-2 page papers are due at the beginning of class, and their due dates are listed in the “Course Schedule” below.  The assignments for the response papers will be handed out one week before they are due.  If you miss class, it is your responsibility to get the assignment from Blackboard.  The response papers will be graded check plus, check, check minus (or zero if you do not hand it in).  There are nine response papers in all, and you can miss one response paper without your grade being affected.

Ø      Participation.  This class emphasizes discussion and interaction with course issues.  It also includes a significant amount of reading.  You are expected to come to class having read all the readings assigned for that day and prepared to discuss the material.  You must bring the day’s reading assignment to class.  Short presentations of your work will also be a part of participation.  Participation could also include occasional quizzes on the assigned reading and in-class writing assignments.

Ø      Blackboard Discussion.  You are expected to post comments to the Discussion Board and respond to your classmates’ posts periodically.  Discussion Board posts contributions count for a portion of your participation grade and can improve your participation grade.

Ø      Leading Discussion. Once during the semester, you will be responsible for leading the class discussion for a portion of the class period, designing discussion questions, and asking follow-up questions to push the class in their thinking about the assigned reading.  You may lead discussion alone or with another student (it’s your choice).  Early in the semester, I will hand out more detailed information about leading discussion and will ask you to choose your top choices for discussion leading dates; I will then assign you to one of those dates.

 

Grading:

Essay 1 (5-7 pages)                           25 %

Essay 2 (5-7 pages)                           25 %

Response Papers                               20 %

Leading Discussion                            10 %

Participation                                      20 %

(includes Blackboard posts)

 

Note: I use a 100-point grading scale for all assignments:

 

87-89   B+

77-79   C+

67-69   D+

 

93-100 A

83-86   B

73-76   C

63-66   D

 

90-92   A-

80-82   B-

70-72   C-

60-62   D-

59 and below   E

 

Deadlines:

All assignments are due at the beginning of class on the due date and must be typed.  I take deadlines very seriously.  No extensions will be given except in the rarest of circumstances.  Late papers will be docked by a half-grade (5 points) for each day late.  In an emergency, you may e-mail me your paper as an attached file if you are not able to hand in a hard copy by the paper deadline; the e-mail and attached file must be sent to me by the paper deadline.

Accessibility:

One of my goals is to make the course and the classroom as accessible as possible for all students.  Please come talk to me if you have any concerns about accessibility.  The Office of Accessibility Services is also an excellent resource for students with accessibility needs, and I will work closely with you and that office to address all needs.  Paula Pollander is available in the Office of Accessibility Services in 264 UCEN, 762-3456 to provide direct assistance.

Writing Help:

The Marian E. Wright Writing Center is an excellent on-campus resource for help with writing, and it’s FREE!  You need an appointment to work on a paper with a tutor, so call (810) 766-6602 to set one up or stop by the Writing Center in 559 French Hall.  Check out the Writing Center’s website for great writing info:

                        http://www.flint.umich.edu/Departments/writingcenter/

Reminder for English Majors:

If you are an English major or considering becoming one, you should be aware that the English Department requires each English major to complete an Individual Major Portfolio before graduation.  Your portfolio will include 5 examples of your writing.  Save all copies of the papers you write in your English and linguistics courses; you will need an unmarked “clean” copy of each paper.  For more details, feel free to ask me or speak with an English Department advisor.

General Education/Assessment:

This course counts as an ethnic literature and/or American literature course for English majors.  As an upper-level English course, English 375 assumes that you have taken a college-level literature course and have experience in literary analysis.

This course also fulfills a General Education cs3 requirement.  The Cultural Studies (American Culture) area option examines the nature, life and thought of American cultures.  This course addresses the following General Education student outcomes:

·        Enhancing one's understanding of one's position within and relationship to the global community

·        Enhancing understanding of diversity as a national and global phenomenon with a particular focus on the American experience.

·        Students will develop an appreciation for cultural, racial, and gender differences, similarities and contributions at both national and global levels.

The University, in its commitment to achieve its educational objectives, measures and assesses student outcomes.  The results of these measurements provide feedback to the Department and to the College and are used to improve our courses.  Student papers and other assignments from this course may be used in connection with the Departmental and/or College/School General Education Student Outcomes Assessment.  All student products used for this purpose will not include the student’s name to shield the identity of work from individual students.

Plagiarism and Academic Honesty:

The University's Academic Honesty Policy prohibits cheating, fabrication of work, facilitating academic dishonesty, and plagiarism.  Plagiarism includes the purchase of academic work from others, copying material directly from another source without attributing it to that source, using the ideas of another person without giving that person credit (even if you are not using a direct quote and have put the concepts into your own words, you must cite your source).  Please talk with me if you are unclear or have concerns about plagiarism.

Other Concerns:

If you have any special concerns you wish to discuss (e.g., you have a disability that requires accommodation; English is not your first language; you are very shy in discussion; or there are other factors I should know about that will affect your performance in class), please feel free to come talk to me.  My office door is open to hear your concerns.  You are welcome to come see me at my office, call me, or e-mail me.  (I am very accessible via e-mail in particular.)  I am very willing to set up appointments with you to discuss papers or other questions you have about the course.  If you cannot make office hours, let me know, and we’ll set up another time to meet.

 

I look forward to working with you this semester!


Course Schedule

 

What Is Native American Literature?

 

WEEK 1: August 30, September 1

M         Introduction to Native American Literatures

 

W        Readings on Eres:

Ø      Peter Blue Cloud, “The Old Man’s Lazy” (poem)

Ø      Joyce carlEtta Mandrake, “Who Am I” (poem)

Ø      Brian Swann, “Introduction, Only the Beginning” (essay)

Ø      Robert F. Berkhofer, Jr., “The Idea of the Indian” (essay)

Ø      Interview with Sherman Alexie, "I Hated Tonto (Still Do),” available at http://www.fallsapart.com/tonto.html

** Friday, September 3: Syllabus response to me due on e-mail **

 

WEEK 2: September 6, 8

M         No Class: Labor Day holiday

 

W        Begin Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues (1995) to page 129

Response Paper due: What’s an Indian anyway? (Reservation Blues)

 

WEEK 3: September 13, 15

M         Continue Reservation Blues to page 220

 

W        Finish Sherman Alexie, Reservation Blues (1995)

Response Paper due: Why are there white people in Reservation Blues?

 

 

From Oral to Written: Early Publications

 

WEEK 4: September 20, 22

M         Reading on Eres: William Apess

Excerpts of A Son of the Forest (1829): Preface, Chapters I, II, III

“An Indian’s Looking-Glass for the White Man” (1833)

 

W        Readings on Eres: Zitkala-Sa (Gertrude Bonnin), short stories from American Indian Stories (1921)

Ø      “The School Days of an Indian Girl”

Ø      “The Soft-Hearted Sioux”

also available at http://digital.library.upenn.edu/women/zitkala-sa/stories/stories.html)

Response Paper due: “I didn’t know Indians wrote stuff back then”: Issues in Early Publication (Apess and Zitkala-Sa)

 

WEEK 5: September 27, 29

M         Begin Mourning Dove, Cogewea (1927), pages 9-96

 

W        Continue Cogewea to page 150

 

WEEK 6: October 4, 6

M         Continue Cogewea to page 227

Response Paper due: Who’s the writer anyway? (Cogewea)

 

W        Finish Mourning Dove, Cogewea (1927)

 

WEEK 7: October 11, 13

M         Readings on Eres: Columbus Day Writings

 

W        Screening of Point of View: Boomtown

 

**Essay 1 Due: Wednesday, October 13 **

 

 

Renewal: The Native American Literary Renaissance

 

WEEK 8: October 18, 20

M         Begin D’Arcy McNickle, The Surrounded (1937) to page 106

 

W        Continue The Surrounded to page 148

 

WEEK 9: October 25, 27

M         Continue The Surrounded to page 236

 

W        Finish D’Arcy McNickle, The Surrounded (1937)

Response Paper due: What kind of ending was that? (The Surrounded)

 

** Last Day to Drop Classes: Friday, October 29 **

 

WEEK 10: November 1, 3

M         Reading on Eres: Paula Gunn Allen, “The Sacred Hoop: A Contemporary Perspective” (essay)

Linda Hogan, Mean Spirit (1990) to page 115

 

W        Continue Mean Spirit  to page 206

Response Paper due: Yeah, but did that really happen? (Mean Spirit)

 

WEEK 11: November 8, 10

M         Continue Mean Spirit (1990) to page 322

 

W        Finish Linda Hogan, Mean Spirit (1990)

Response Paper due: What’s a person to do? (Mean Spirit)

 

WEEK 12: November 15, 17

M         Reading on Eres: N. Scott Momaday, “The Man Made of Words” (essay)

Video: Interview with N. Scott Momaday

 

W        N. Scott Momaday, The Way to Rainy Mountain (1969)

Response Paper due: I thought this book would be so easy because of all the pictures! (The Way to Rainy Mountain)

 

 

Revision: Contemporary Writings

 

WEEK 13: November 22, 24

M         Begin Leslie Marmon Silko, Ceremony (1977) to page 93

 

W        Continue Ceremony to page 139

Video: Interview with Leslie Marmon Silko

 

Thanksgiving Break: November 25-28

 

WEEK 14: November 29, December 1

M         Continue Ceremony to page 214

 

W        Finish Leslie Marmon Silko, Ceremony (1977)

Response Paper due: What kind of ceremony was that anyway? (Ceremony)

 

WEEK 15: December 6, 8

M         Reading on Eres:

Ø      Recent Poetry

Ø      Joy Harjo

Ø      Carter Revard

Ø      Vine Deloria, Jr., “Indian Humor” (essay)

Screening of Smoke Signals, screenplay by Sherman Alexie

 

W        Finish Smoke Signals

 

** Essay 2 Due: Monday, December 13 by 1:30 pm **

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